Timelike Compton scattering: exclusive photoproduction of lepton pairs

We investigate the exclusive photoproduction of a heavy timelike photon which decays into a lepton pair, gamma p -> l+ l- p. This can be seen as the analog of deeply virtual Compton scattering, and we argue that the two processes are complementary for studying generalized parton distributions in the nucleon. In an unpolarized experiment the angular distribution of the leptons readily provides access to the real part of the Compton amplitude. We estimate the possible size of this effect in kinematics where the Compton process should be dominated by quark exchange.Comment: 31 pages, 17 figure

The Overlap Representation of Skewed Quark and Gluon Distributions

Within the framework of light-cone quantisation we derive the complete and exact overlap representation of skewed parton distributions for unpolarised and polarised quarks and gluons. Symmetry properties and phenomenological applications are discussed.Comment: LaTex, 36 pages. v2: incorrect paper attached originally. v3: erratum adde

Critical, crossover, and correction-to-scaling exponents for isotropic Lifshitz points to order (8−d)2\boldsymbol{(8-d)^2}

A two-loop renormalization group analysis of the critical behaviour at an isotropic Lifshitz point is presented. Using dimensional regularization and minimal subtraction of poles, we obtain the expansions of the critical exponents $\nu$ and $\eta$, the crossover exponent $\phi$, as well as the (related) wave-vector exponent $\beta_q$, and the correction-to-scaling exponent $\omega$ to second order in $\epsilon_8=8-d$. These are compared with the authors' recent $\epsilon$-expansion results [{\it Phys. Rev. B} {\bf 62} (2000) 12338; {\it Nucl. Phys. B} {\bf 612} (2001) 340] for the general case of an $m$-axial Lifshitz point. It is shown that the expansions obtained here by a direct calculation for the isotropic ($m=d$) Lifshitz point all follow from the latter upon setting $m=8-\epsilon_8$. This is so despite recent claims to the contrary by de Albuquerque and Leite [{\it J. Phys. A} {\bf 35} (2002) 1807].Comment: 11 pages, Latex, uses iop stylefiles, some graphs are generated automatically via texdra

The Off-forward Quark-Quark Correlation Function

The properties of the non-forward quark-quark correlation function are examined. We derive constraints on the correlation function from the transformation properties of the fundamental fields of QCD occurring in its definition. We further develop a method to construct an ansatz for this correlator. We present the complete leading order set of generalized parton distributions in terms of the amplitudes of the ansatz. Finally we conclude that the number of independent generalized parton helicity changing distributions is four.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Effect of water injection on nitric oxide emissions of a gas turbine combustor burning natural gas fuel

The effect of direct water injection on the exhaust gas emissions of a turbojet combustor burning natural gas fuel was investigated. The results are compared with the results from similar tests using ASTM Jet-A fuel. Increasing water injection decreased the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and increased the emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. The greatest percentage decrease in NOX with increasing water injection was at the lowest inlet-air temperature tested. The effect of increasing inlet-air temperature was to decrease the effect of the water injection. The reduction in NOX due to water injection was almost identical to the results obtained with Jet-A fuel. However, the emission indices of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and percentage nitric oxide in NOX were not

Off-Forward Parton Distributions in 1+1 Dimensional QCD

We use two-dimensional QCD as a toy laboratory to study off-forward parton distributions (OFPDs) in a covariant field theory. Exact expressions (to leading order in $1/N_C$) are presented for OFPDs in this model and are evaluated for some specific numerical examples. Special emphasis is put on comparing the $x>\zeta$ and $x<\zeta$ regimes as well as on analyzing the implications for the light-cone description of form factors.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, 4 figure

Synthetic 26Al emission from galactic-scale superbubble simulations

© 2019 The Author(s).Emission from the radioactive trace element 26Al has been observed throughout the Milky Way with the COMPTEL and INTEGRAL satellites. In particular the Doppler shifts measured with INTEGRAL connect 26Al with superbubbles, which may guide 26Al flows off spiral arms in the direction of Galactic rotation. In order to test this paradigm, we have performed galaxy-scale simulations of superbubbles with 26Al injection in a Milky Way-type galaxy. We produce all-sky synthetic $\gamma-$ray emission maps of the simulated galaxies. We find that the 1809keV emission from the radioactive decay of 26Al is highly variable with time and the observer's position. This allows us to estimate an additional systematic variability of 0.2dex for a star formation rate derived from 26Al for different times and measurement locations in Milky Way-type galaxies. High-latitude morphological features indicate nearby emission with correspondingly high integrated gamma-ray intensities. We demonstrate that the 26Al scale height from our simulated galaxies depends on the assumed halo gas density. We present the first synthetic 1809keV longitude-velocity diagrams from 3D hydrodynamic simulations. The line-of-sight velocities for 26Al can be significantly different from the line-of-sight velocities associated with the cold gas. Over time, 26Al velocities consistent with the INTEGRAL observations, within uncertainties, appear at any given longitude, broadly supporting previous suggestions that 26Al injected into expanding superbubbles by massive stars may be responsible for the high velocities found in the INTEGRAL observations. We discuss the effect of systematically varying the location of the superbubbles relative to the spiral arms.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Large-n expansion for m-axial Lifshitz points

The large-n expansion is developed for the study of critical behaviour of d-dimensional systems at m-axial Lifshitz points with an arbitrary number m of modulation axes. The leading non-trivial contributions of O(1/n) are derived for the two independent correlation exponents \eta_{L2} and \eta_{L4}, and the related anisotropy index \theta. The series coefficients of these 1/n corrections are given for general values of m and d with 0<m<d and 2+m/2<d<4+m/2 in the form of integrals. For special values of m and d such as (m,d)=(1,4), they can be computed analytically, but in general their evaluation requires numerical means. The 1/n corrections are shown to reduce in the appropriate limits to those of known large-n expansions for the case of d-dimensional isotropic Lifshitz points and critical points, respectively, and to be in conformity with available dimensionality expansions about the upper and lower critical dimensions. Numerical results for the 1/n coefficients of \eta_{L2}, \eta_{L4} and \theta are presented for the physically interesting case of a uniaxial Lifshitz point in three dimensions, as well as for some other choices of m and d. A universal coefficient associated with the energy-density pair correlation function is calculated to leading order in 1/n for general values of m and d.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to: J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., special issue dedicated to Lothar Schaefer on the occasion of his 60th birthday. V2: References added along with corresponding modifications in the text, corrected figure 3, corrected typo

The effect of water injection on nitric oxide emissions of a gas turbine combustor burning ASTM Jet-A fuel

Tests were conducted to determine the effect of water injection on oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions of a full annular, ram induction gas turbine combustor burning ASTM Jet-A fuel. The combustor was operated at conditions simulating sea-level takeoff and cruise conditions. Water at ambient temperature was injected into the combustor primary zone at water-fuel ratios up to 2. At an inlet-air temperature of 589 K (600 F) water injection decreased the NOx emission index at a constant exponential rate: NOx = NOx (o) e to the -15 W/F power (where W/F is the water-fuel ratio and NOx(o) indicates the value with no injection). The effect of increasing combustor inlet-air temperature was to decrease the effect of the water injection. Other operating variables such as pressure and reference Mach number did not appear to significantly affect the percent reduction in NOx. Smoke emissions were found to decrease with increasing water injection